From The Archives: Hestercombe, The Early Years

4 months ago


Taunton, United Kingdom Hestercombe Gardens Full time

**The next instalment from the Hestercombe Archives explores the fascinating early history of 'Haegsta’descumb', from 682 - 1391**:
**_Written by_**_ _**_Kim Legate, Senior Archivist_**:
As far as the valley of Helsdena (Hel... ‘s Valley). Then by a brook to the ford which is called Wealaford (Ford of the Welsh or Celts). And so along the course of that brook to the channel of the Tan (Tone). They (the 23 hides) have on the west the spring called Ealduuylle (Old Spring). After that another spring called Acuuille (Spring of the Oaktrees). From that spring to the place called Haegsta’descumb (Hegstald’s Combe [Hestercombe])
- ~ [Saxon Charter of 682 - G. B. Grundy, The Saxon Charters and Field Names of Somerset (Taunton: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, 1935), p. 51.]_

Roman rule in Britain formally ended in AD 410. Three north European tribes, the Angles (southern Danish), Saxons (German-Dutch) and Jutes (northern Danish) subsequently invaded and colonised much of southern England, with the ‘West Saxons’ under Cerdic and his son, Cynric, founding Wessex (the kingdom of the West Saxons) in about AD 495 after landing in Hampshire. The nucleus of the new kingdom eventually comprised what became known by the late 10th century as the southern English counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire.

In about 682 the eleventh of the West Saxon kings, Centwine (reigned 676-685), brother of Cenwalh who had conquered Somerset for the West Saxons just 24 years earlier, granted the abbot of Glastonbury, Hamegils (also Haemgils), 23 hides of land at Cantucuudu, or Quantock Wood in West Monkton. Centwine, who is remembered as a strong king - to prolong the expansion of Wessex to the south-west (Devon) he ‘drove the Britons as far as the sea’ - was an extremely generous benefactor of the recently founded Abbey. His grant included the whole of West Monkton as well as the west part of Creech St. Michael, north of the River Tone. Significantly, the survey attached to the award mentioned for the first time the property we know of today as Hestercombe, identifying it as Hegstald’s Combe.

...Then to Bachelor’s Combe (Hegsteldescumb)...
- ~ [Saxon Charter of 682 - G. B. Grundy, The Saxon Charters and Field Names of Somerset (Taunton: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, 1935), p. 21.]_

There would be no further mention of the future home of the De Moncels, De Fluris, De Meriets, De la Warres, Bampfyldes or Portmans until the 22nd of April 854. On this date Aethelwulf (also Ethelwulf) (**Fig. 1**), a West Saxon monarch revered for his protracted, and sometimes successful, campaigns against the Viking invaders - his most famous victory at Ockley, Surrey (851) brought about "the greatest slaughter of heathen host ever made" - increased the lands of the Bishopric of Winchester in the Taunton locality with the largest grant recorded in all known Saxon land charters.
- Fig. 1 Æthelwulf, King of Wessex 839-858 Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England.The great Taunton Charter conferred upon Ealhstan, bishop of Winchester - and principal adviser to Aethelwulf in financial and military matters - 133 hides of land (about 43,000 acres [17,400 ha.]) enclosed by a boundary some 80 miles (129 km.) in circumference. The grant included Otterford, Corfe, Orchard Portman, Stoke St. Mary, Duddlestone in Pitminster, Taunton, Wilton, Trull, Angersleigh, Bishop’s Hull, Bradford, Nynehead, Oake, Heathfield, Halse, Ash Priors, Combe Flory, Tolland, Lydeard St. Lawrence, West Bagborough, Bishop’s Lydeard, Cothelstone, Norton Fitzwarren, Staplegrove, Cheddon Fitzpaine, West Monkton, Ruishton, the west section of Creech St. Michael and possibly Crowcombe.

During the rule of Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Hestercombe was included in the land holdings of the abbey of Glastonbury (**Figs. 2 & 3**), now one of the richest monasteries in England. It was being referred to as 'Hasecumbe' when the Domesday Survey was drawn up in 1086 to provide records and a census of life in England for the newly established Norman administration.

**Geoffrey de Montbray**:
William the Conqueror (reigned 1066-1087) had by this time transferred the ownership of the ancient Somerset manor to his trusted adviser, the militaristic, but also ecclesiastically active, Bishop of Coutances, Geoffrey de Montbray (d.1093) (**Figs. 4 & 5**).
- Fig. 2 Glastonbury Abbey before the fire of 1184 (Reconstruction)The Bishop, who had fought with William at the Battle of Hastings and played a key role in the unification of post-conquest England was now one of its greatest landholders, having received for his services some 280 manors scattered over 12 counties, but with the majority in just two: Gloucestershire and Somerset. Hestercombe was summarily described in the Domesday Survey (**Fig. 6**) as a working manor of 500 to 600 acres: 'The same Bishop holds Hasecumbe, and William of him. Four Thanes held it in the time of Kin



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